OVERVIEW OF MBBS
MBBS is a professional undergraduate medical degree that combines two qualifications – Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery awarded by recognized medical colleges & universities. It is the gateway to a prestigious career in healthcare. In India, MBBS is one of the most sought after and respected career choices for students after completing Class 12 with Science (Physics, Chemistry and Biology).
To secure admission aspirants must qualify the NEET- UG (National Eligibility cum Entrance Test) conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA). The MBBS program spans 4.5 years and one year of mandatory rotatory internship during which students gain hands-on experience in patient care and clinical practices.
Due to its high demand, limited seats and rigorous selection process, MBBS is considered one of the most competitive courses in India. Graduates have diverse career opportunities in hospitals, research, public health and medical administration with excellent salary potential and the opportunity to make a meaningful impact on society.
OVERVIEW OF BDS
BDS is a professional undergraduate degree in dentistry and is regarded as one of the most prestigious medical courses after MBBS. This 5-year program, including 1 year of compulsory internship, equips students with in-depth knowledge and practical skills in oral healthcare.
The curriculum focuses on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases along with cosmetic dental procedures. Students learn about proper teeth and jaw alignment, oral hygiene, radiology, oral medicine, community dentistry, pathology and various advanced dental treatments.
Throughout the course, students undergo extensive training in dental anatomy, dental materials, oral histology and dental surgeries. Learning is reinforced through lectures, group discussions, hands-on practical sessions, clinical assessments, conferences and research exposure.
A BDS graduate is qualified to work as a dentist in private practice, hospitals, dental colleges and research organizations or pursue postgraduate specializations in dentistry for advanced career growth
OVERVIEW OF BAMS
BAMS is a professional undergraduate degree in the field of Ayurveda, with a total duration of 5.5 years including 4.5 years of academic study and 1 year of compulsory internship. Graduates earn the title of Ayurvedacharya, signifying their expertise in both traditional Ayurvedic medicine and certain aspects of modern medical science.
The program follows a curriculum similar to MBBS and BHMS, but focuses on the Ayurvedic approach, which emphasizes treating ailments from the root cause. Students learn about the three fundamental doshas — Vata, Pitta and Kapha — which, according to Ayurveda are responsible for all health disorders.
BAMS covers diagnosis, prevention and treatment using herbal medicines, dietary regulations, lifestyle modifications and natural therapies. The course is structured into three parts (as per the syllabus) and includes subjects such as Ayurvedic anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, toxicology, preventive medicine and Panchakarma therapy.
With affordable fees compared to other medical courses, BAMS attracts students seeking careers in holistic and alternative medicine. Graduates can practice as Ayurvedic doctors, work in government or private Ayurvedic hospitals, establish their own clinics, or pursue higher studies and research in Ayurveda.
OVERVIEW OF BUMS
BUMS is a professional undergraduate medical degree with a duration of 5 to 5.5 years including a 1-year compulsory internship. Admission is based on performance in the relevant entrance examination followed by counseling.
The Unani system of medicine has its roots in ancient Greece and has been practiced for over 6,000 years. Also known as Hikmat or Unani Tibb, it is one of the oldest medical systems in the world and remains the fourth most popular medicinal system after Allopathy, Ayurveda and Homeopathy. Unani medicine focuses on natural healing and emphasizes balance in the body’s four humors — blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile.
The course trains students in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of various diseases such as eczema, vitiligo, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, bronchial asthma, jaundice and more. It includes subjects like anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, toxicology, preventive medicine, surgery and Unani therapeutic methods.
Graduates of BUMS can work as Unani medical practitioners in hospitals, clinics, research institutes, charitable organizations, pharmaceutical companies and educational institutions. They can also establish their own Unani clinics or pursue higher education and research in the field.
OVERVIEW OF BHMS
BHMS is a professional undergraduate medical degree specializing in homeopathic medicine. The course duration is 5.5 years which includes a 1-year compulsory internship. Homeopathy is a holistic and natural system of medicine that works by stimulating the body’s own healing mechanisms. It follows the principle of “like cures like” and aims to treat patients by addressing the root cause of illness rather than just suppressing symptoms.
Homeopathic medicine is recognized worldwide as a safe and effective alternative to conventional treatments. Despite criticism from some medical circles, it has gained widespread acceptance for its non-invasive approach and absence of harmful side effects. The BHMS curriculum covers subjects such as anatomy, physiology, pathology, materia medica, repertory, homeopathic pharmacy and clinical practice. Specializations may include Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Skin Disorders, Infertility Treatment and Homeopathic Pharmacy.
MD RADIOLOGY
MD Radiology is a prestigious 3 year postgraduate medical degree that specializes in diagnosing the diseases using advanced medical imaging techniques. Radiologists play a crucial role in modern healthcare by interpreting scans such as X-rays, ultrasounds, CT scans, MRI and nuclear medicine imaging to detect various health conditions. This program is designed to provide comprehensive training in both modern and conventional radiology methods, preparing postgraduate students for excellence in practice, teaching and medical research. During the course, students gain in-depth knowledge of radiology sub-specialties and master essential diagnostic and interventional skills.
Key Objectives of the MD Radiology Program
- Train students to become competent and experienced radiologists capable of performing and interpreting a wide range of imaging and interventional procedures.
- Develop proficiency across three domains:
- Cognitive – in-depth theoretical knowledge of radiology
- Affective – professionalism and patient communication skills
- Psychomotor – procedural and interpretation skills in imaging
- Equip students with the ability to apply radiological sciences in both clinical and research settings.
Admission Process for MD Radiology in India
To pursue MD Radiology in India, candidates must have completed their MBBS and cleared the NEET-PG exam conducted by the National Board of Examinations (NBE). Admission is granted through NEET-PG counseling based on merit. Due to its high career prospects, MD Radiology is one of the most sought medical specializations in India after MBBS. The NEET-PG cut- off for Radiodiagnosis is among the highest each year. Candidates with top ranks only can secure admission to leading government and private medical colleges.
Eligibility & Admission Process
To pursue MD Dermatology, candidates must:
- Hold an MCI-recognized MBBS degree.
- Qualify for the NEET-PG exam conducted by the National Board of Examinations (NBE).
- Secure a high percentile in their category to obtain a dermatology seat in top government or private medical colleges.
Due to its high career stability, income potential and professional demand, MD Dermatology is one of the most competitive postgraduate medical courses in India, with consistently high NEET-PG cutoffs.
Career Scope & Opportunities
Dermatologists enjoy diverse and lucrative career options, including:
Graduates with an MD in Radiology have vast career opportunities in:
- Hospitals & Clinics – as diagnostic and interventional radiologists
- Medical Research – in imaging technology and clinical studies
- Military & Government Hospitals – providing specialized imaging services
- Medical Teaching – in universities and institutions
- Private Radiodiagnosis Centers – offering high-earning potential
A career in radiology is not only intellectually rewarding but also financially lucrative, making it one of the top notch medical specializations in India. Many radiologists establish their own diagnostic imaging centers, offering services such as CT scans, MRIs and ultrasound imaging.
MD DERMATOLOGY
MD Dermatology, officially known as MD in Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy is a 3 year postgraduate medical course that focuses on diagnosing, treating and preventing diseases related to the skin, hair, nails and mucous membranes. The program also covers cosmetic dermatology, helping patients with aesthetic concerns such as skin rejuvenation, scar removal and hair restoration.
Dermatologists not only treat medical skin conditions but also play a key role in enhancing patients’ confidence by addressing cosmetic issues. With increasing environmental pollution, lifestyle changes and rising demand for aesthetic treatments, the need for skilled dermatologists is growing rapidly in India and abroad.
Eligibility & Admission Process
To pursue MD Dermatology, candidates must:
- Hold an MCI-recognized MBBS degree.
- Qualify for the NEET-PG exam conducted by the National Board of Examinations (NBE).
- Secure a high percentile in their category to obtain a dermatology seat in top government or private medical colleges.
Due to its high career stability, income potential and professional demand, MD Dermatology is one of the most competitive postgraduate medical courses in India, with consistently high NEET-PG cutoffs.
Career Scope & Opportunities
Dermatologists enjoy diverse and lucrative career options, including:
- Private Practice & Clinics – many dermatologists establish their own skin and hair clinics for independent practice and additional income.
- Government & Private Hospitals – working as specialists or consultants.
- Leadership Roles – experienced dermatologists often become Heads of Departments (HODs) or Medical Directors in healthcare organizations.
- Medical Teaching & Research – opportunities in academic institutions and clinical trials.
- International Careers – high demand for dermatologists abroad in both medical and cosmetic sectors.
With the surge in skin disorders, hair loss cases, cosmetic treatments and lifestyle-related skin issues, dermatology has become one of the most prestigious and rewarding medical specializations today.
MD ANESTHESIA
MD Anesthesia is a 3 year postgraduate medical degree offered in both government and private medical colleges across India. This program trains medical graduates to become skilled anesthesiologists capable of managing patients during surgical procedures, ensuring safety and providing effective pain management.
Admission to the MD Anesthesia course is based on performance in the NEET-PG exam conducted by the National Board of Examinations (NBE), followed by centralized counseling.
Role and Importance of Anesthesiologists
The demand for qualified anesthesiologists is increasing rapidly, not only in India but also internationally. Anesthesiologists play a vital role in surgery, intensive care, pain management emergency medicine. Their expertise ensures that patients undergo surgery without pain or distress, contributing to better recovery and overall healthcare outcomes.
Anesthesia involves the use of specialized drugs to block pain during medical procedures. Depending on the type of surgery and patient needs, anesthesiologists administer:
- General Anesthesia – induces complete unconsciousness
- Regional Anesthesia – numbs a large part of the body
- Local Anesthesia – numbs a small, specific area
Career Opportunities After MD Anesthesia
An MD in Anesthesia opens doors to diverse career paths in:
- Hospitals & Surgical Centers – as consultant anesthesiologists
- Military & Defense Hospitals – providing critical care in field conditions
- Medical Research – in anesthetic drug development and surgical innovations
- Medical Teaching – in government and private medical institutions
- Specialized Clinics & Pain Management Centers – offering focused patient care
A career in anesthesiology is considered one of the most indispensable and respected specializations in healthcare. With growing surgical advancements and demand for pain-free treatment, the scope for MD Anesthesia graduates is vast and rewarding both professionally and financially.
MD GENERAL MEDICINE
MD General Medicine, also known as MD Internal Medicine, is a 3 year postgraduate clinical specialization focusing on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases affecting all major systems of the human body.
The course aims to train specialist consultants capable of delivering high-quality medical care across various healthcare settings, including:
- Intensive Care Units (ICU)
- Emergency Medicine
- Outpatient Departments (OPD)
- Inpatient Wards (IPD)
Students are trained in three key domains:
- Cognitive Domain – advanced theoretical knowledge of internal medicine.
- Affective Domain – professionalism, ethics and patient communication.
- Psychomotor Domain – clinical assessment, procedural skills and interpretation of diagnostic results.
Eligibility & Admission Process
To pursue MD General Medicine in India, candidates must:
- Hold an MCI-recognized MBBS degree.
- Qualify for the NEET-PG exam conducted by the National Board of Examinations (NBE).
- Participate in PG Medical Counseling based on merit.
Due to its prestige and broad career scope, MD General Medicine has a high NEET-PG cutoff each year, with seats in top government and private colleges being highly competitive.
Career Scope & Opportunities
Graduates of MD General Medicine, often referred to as General Physicians, enjoy a wide range of career opportunities, including:
- Consultant Physician in government or private hospitals.
- Super-Specialization through DM programs such as:
- DM Cardiology
- DM Endocrinology
- DM Gastroenterology
- Visiting Doctor in multiple hospitals and clinics.
- Medical Research & Teaching in reputed institutions.
Being one of the oldest and most respected professions in healthcare, MD General Medicine offers excellent job stability, career growth and a high earning potential in India and abroad.
MD PAEDIATRICS
MD Paediatrics, or Doctor of Medicine in Paediatrics, is a 3 year postgraduate clinical specialization in medicine dedicated to the healthcare of infants, children and adolescents (under 18 years of age).
This branch of medicine covers comprehensive child healthcare, including diagnosis, treatment, prevention and management of childhood illnesses, as well as guidance for healthy growth and development. Students are trained to handle medical emergencies, developmental disorders, infectious diseases and chronic pediatric conditions with both clinical expertise and compassion.
Eligibility & Admission Process
To pursue MD Paediatrics in India, candidates must:
- Possess an MCI-recognized MBBS degree.
- Qualify for the NEET-PG exam conducted by the National Board of Examinations (NBE).
- Secure admission through NEET-PG counseling based on merit and cutoff scores.
MD Paediatrics is among the most sought-after PG medical courses, with high demand in both government and private institutions.
Career Scope & Opportunities
A medical professional completing this program is known as a Paediatrician. With the increasing number of hospitals, healthcare centers and pediatric specialty clinics, the demand for skilled pediatricians is rising rapidly in India and abroad.
Career opportunities include:
- Consultant Pediatrician in hospitals and private clinics.
- Teaching & Research positions in medical colleges and universities.
- Government & Military Healthcare Services.
- Super-Specialization in fields such as:
- DM Paediatric Oncology
- DM Paediatric Gastroenterology
- DM Paediatric Nephrology
Paediatrics is a profession that requires patience, empathy and strong diagnostic skills, making it a rewarding and respected career path for medical practitioners.
MS OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY
MS Obstetrics & Gynaecology (also known as MS OBG, MS OB&G, or MS OB/GYN) is a 3 year postgraduate medical program that combines two key specializations—Obstetrics and Gynaecology—into a single, comprehensive training course.
- Obstetrics focuses on pre-conception care, pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum care, ensuring the health and safety of both mother and child.
- Gynaecology deals with female reproductive health, diagnosing and treating conditions related to the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix and overall women’s health.
This combined specialty prepares medical graduates to address a wide range of women’s health issues and manage both normal and high-risk pregnancies.
Course Objectives & Training
The MS OBG program is designed to equip students with:
- Clinical Awareness – the ability to identify, diagnose and treat complex obstetric and gynaecological conditions.
- Procedural Skills – hands-on training in surgical and non-surgical interventions.
- Emergency Management – skills to handle complications during pregnancy, labour and delivery.
- Reproductive Health Expertise – understanding infertility, menstrual disorders and other reproductive issues.
Students also gain sufficient training in maternal healthcare, foetal monitoring and gynaecological surgeries.
Eligibility & Admission Process
To pursue MS Obstetrics & Gynaecology in India, candidates must:
- Hold an MBBS degree from an MCI-recognized institution.
- Have permanent registration with the Medical Council of India (MCI) or any State Medical Council.
- Qualify in the NEET-PG exam conducted by the National Board of Examinations (NBE).
- Secure admission through NEET-PG counseling based on merit.
Seats for MS OBG are highly competitive in both government and private medical colleges due to the growing demand for specialists in women’s healthcare.
Career Scope & Opportunities
Graduates can work as:
- Consultant Obstetricians & Gynaecologists in hospitals and maternity clinics.
- Specialists in Infertility & Reproductive Medicine.
- Surgeons for Gynaecological Disorders.
- Medical Educators in academic institutions.
- Healthcare Administrators in maternal and child health programs.
With rising awareness of women’s healthcare needs and advancements in reproductive medicine, MS Obstetrics & Gynaecology offers excellent career stability, financial rewards and global opportunities.
MS OPTHALMOLOGY
MS Ophthalmology is a 3 year postgraduate specialization in medicine and surgery focused on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of eye-related disorders. In India, this program is sometimes also referred to as MD in Ophthalmology.
The course provides an in-depth understanding of ocular anatomy, physiology and diseases, combining strong scientific expertise with advanced clinical skills. Students receive training in areas such as:
- Orbital and Ocular Anatomy
- Histology
- Ocular Physiology
- Ocular Pathology
- Biochemistry
- Microbiology
- Immunology
Alongside clinical expertise, students are trained in research methodology, record-keeping, data analysis and report writing to ensure they can contribute effectively to advancements in eye care and ophthalmic research.
Course Objectives & Training
The primary aim of the MS Ophthalmology program is to produce skilled ophthalmologists who can:
- Deliver high-quality patient eye care.
- Diagnose and manage a wide range of ocular conditions and diseases.
- Perform surgical and non-surgical interventions for vision restoration and eye health.
- Contribute to research and innovation in ophthalmology.
Eligibility & Admission Process
To pursue MS Ophthalmology in India, candidates must:
- Hold an MBBS degree from an MCI-recognized institution.
- Have permanent registration with the Medical Council of India (MCI) or any State Medical Council
- Qualify for the NEET-PG exam conducted by the National Board of Examinations (NBE).
- Obtain admission through NEET-PG counseling based on rank and cutoff scores.
MS Ophthalmology seats in top government and private medical colleges are highly competitive due to the course’s strong career potential.
Career Scope & Opportunities
Graduates can build rewarding careers in:
- Government & Private Hospitals – as consultant ophthalmologists.
- Specialized Eye Hospitals & Clinics – performing advanced treatments and surgeries.
- NGOs & Missionary Hospitals – offering community eye care services.
- Medical Teaching & Research – contributing to ophthalmic science and training future doctors.
With increasing prevalence of eye disorders and vision-related problems worldwide, MS Ophthalmology offers excellent career stability, diverse job opportunities and global recognition.
MD TB & CHEST / MD PULMONARY MEDICINE
MD in Tuberculosis & Respiratory Medicine (also known as MD in TB & Chest, MD in Respiratory Medicine, or MD in Pulmonary Medicine) is a 3 year postgraduate medical specialization focused on diagnosing, treating and preventing diseases of the respiratory tract.
This program trains future specialists in pulmonary and critical care medicine, preparing them to manage a wide range of respiratory conditions affecting the lungs, bronchial tubes, nose, pharynx, throat and related structures. The course includes both theoretical study and hands-on clinical training, enabling students to handle both routine and complex respiratory cases.
Course Objectives & Training
The MD in Tuberculosis & Respiratory Medicine aims to produce skilled physicians who can:
- Accurately diagnose and treat respiratory diseases, including tuberculosis, asthma, COPD, pneumonia and interstitial lung diseases.
- Manage critical care and emergency respiratory conditions.
- Apply preventive measures and public health strategies to control respiratory illnesses.
- Conduct clinical research to advance the field of pulmonary medicine.
Training covers key areas such as pulmonary physiology, infectious and non-infectious lung diseases, critical care medicine and diagnostic techniques including bronchoscopy, pulmonary function tests and imaging.
Eligibility & Admission Process
To pursue this specialization in India, candidates must:
- Hold an MBBS degree from an MCI-recognized institution.
- Have permanent registration with the Medical Council of India (MCI) or a State Medical Council.
- Qualify for the NEET-PG exam conducted by the National Board of Examinations (NBE).
- Secure admission through NEET-PG counseling based on merit.
Seats for MD Respiratory Medicine are limited, making admission highly competitive, especially in top government and private medical colleges.
Career Scope & Opportunities
Graduates can find rewarding career opportunities in:
- Government & Private Hospitals – as respiratory medicine consultants.
- Specialized Chest Clinics & TB Hospitals.
- Universities & Medical Colleges – in teaching and research roles.
- Government Health Departments & Public Health Programs.
- Research Organizations & NGOs focusing on respiratory health.
With the increasing prevalence of respiratory illnesses, pollution-related lung disorders and global health challenges like tuberculosis and COVID-19, specialists in this field are in high demand both in India and abroad.
MS GENERAL SURGERY
MS General Surgery is a 3 year postgraduate medical specialization focused on the surgical treatment of diseases, injuries and disorders of various organs. This program trains students in a wide range of operative procedures, combining practical surgical training with theoretical medical knowledge to prepare them for independent surgical practice.
The course covers surgical management of abdominal organs such as the liver, stomach, colon, intestines, esophagus, thyroid gland and conditions like hernia. Students also learn essential diagnostic procedures, prevention strategies and post-operative care to ensure complete patient recovery.
Course Objectives & Training
The MS General Surgery program aims to produce competent surgeons who can:
- Perform a variety of elective and emergency surgical procedures.
- Manage trauma patients effectively.
- Apply the principles of professional ethics in surgical practice.
- Diagnose and treat a wide range of surgical conditions with precision and care.
Training includes both operation theatre experience and bedside patient management, ensuring a balance between procedural skills and clinical decision-making.
Eligibility & Admission Process
To pursue MS General Surgery in India, candidates must:
- Hold an MBBS degree from an MCI-recognized institution.
- Have permanent registration with the Medical Council of India (MCI) or a State Medical Council.
- Qualify for the NEET-PG exam conducted by the National Board of Examinations (NBE).
- Secure admission through NEET-PG counseling based on rank and merit.
Due to the program’s importance and career potential, MS General Surgery seats in top government and private medical colleges are highly competitive.
Career Scope & Opportunities
Graduates of MS General Surgery can pursue careers as:
- Consultant Surgeons in private and government hospitals.
- Trauma Surgeons in emergency care facilities.
- Medical Educators in universities and training institutes.
- Specialists in Surgical Super-Specialties such as:
- MCh Cardiothoracic Surgery
- MCh Neurosurgery
- MCh Plastic Surgery
- MCh Urology
Recognized as one of the most respected and demanding professions in medicine, general surgery offers excellent job stability, high earning potential and global career opportunities.
MS ORTHOPAEDICS
MS Orthopedics is a 3 year postgraduate surgical specialization in medicine focused on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disorders of the musculoskeletal system—including bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, tendons and the spine. This field combines surgical and non-surgical approaches to manage conditions such as musculoskeletal trauma, congenital disorders, bone and soft tissue tumors, sports injuries, infections and degenerative diseases.
Students in this program gain expertise in advanced orthopedic surgical techniques such as arthroscopic surgery for joint repair, laser-assisted cartilage removal and joint replacement procedures, along with rehabilitative and physical therapy-based treatment methods.
Course Objectives & Training
The MS Orthopedics program aims to produce competent orthopedic surgeons who can:
- Manage emergency and elective orthopedic cases effectively.
- Perform complex surgical interventions with precision.
- Apply rehabilitative medicine principles to restore patient mobility and quality of life.
- Utilize diagnostic imaging and modern surgical technology in clinical practice.
Training covers operation theatre skills, post-operative care and systematic evaluation of surgical patients in both urgent and routine settings.
Eligibility & Admission Process
To pursue MS Orthopedics in India, candidates must:
- Hold an MBBS degree from an MCI-recognized institution.
- Have permanent registration with the Medical Council of India (MCI) or a State Medical Council.
- Qualify for the NEET-PG examination conducted by the National Board of Examinations (NBE).
- Secure admission through merit-based counseling.
Career Scope & Opportunities
Graduates of MS Orthopedics can pursue careers as:
- Orthopedic Surgeons in hospitals and trauma centers.
- Sports Medicine Specialists treating athletic injuries.
- Joint Replacement & Spine Surgery Experts.
- Medical Educators in orthopedic training programs.
With a rising incidence of sports injuries, accidents and age-related orthopedic conditions, the demand for skilled orthopedic surgeons is increasing in India and abroad, offering excellent career prospects and high earning potential.